Automatic electromagnetic speed-controller.



2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented Apr. 25, 19u. I

H.. HBRTZBERG.

APPLIQTEON rLED OCT. 17, 1907.

HARRY ERTZBERG, 0F NTF' YQRK, N. Y., ASSIGNGR TO ABBT A. LG'W, FHORSESHOE, NEVI YORK.

`AUTGlVIJlIC ELECTROMAGNETIC SFEE-CONTRLLER'.

Specification oi' Letters Eat-ent.

Applica-tion led October l?, 1967. Serial No, 397,911.

The object in view is to automaticaliy control thespeed of an engine incase it runs too fast by partialiy closing` lthe inlet or feed. valve tosaid engine; and, fui-then more, to check sudden or quick movement ofthe regulator for the purpose of giving a freeeasy movement to thedevice (such as an inlet or feed valve) to be acted on directly by theregulating mechanism.

y The invention may be embodied in various forms of constructions,either mechanical or- 'electricah oi' partly mechanical and partlyelectrical.

One speciic embodiment of the invention embraces a centrifugal governoroperated by a rotary part of the engine to be controlled, said governoroperating a circuit breaker, which controis an electro-magnet, Whoseplunger or armature operates the feed Valve or 'Valves of the engines,whereby in case of excessive speed th circuitbreaker closes the circuitand the electro-magnet is energized for partially eosing the engine feedvalve.

An 'important'l element of the controller embraced 1n the system gustmentioned is a novel form of electro-magnet. the niunoer O J. h

of which is associated with a dash pot, the

' inlet' and'egress of air to and from said *dash* .pot beingregulatedby appropriate '.l

valves, whereby the plunger is restrained in the accompanying orawings,l have ilhis'trated different practical embodiments of the invention,but the cons'trnction shown 'therein is 'to be understood asilitistrative, only, and not as defining the iin'iits of the invention..Y

iigure 1 a plan view showing thecon trolling mechanism in cooperativerelation to an engine ada'ipted to be driven by snpplying` kerosene andair to 'the cylinders thereof. Fig. 2 is a longitndinai section on an.enlarged scale of the electro-magnet which operates the feed valve orvalves of the engine. Fig. 3 is a detail.. view of a centrifugalgovernor and circuit breaker to be employed in the system of l. Figs. tand 5 are detail Views iiiustratino' novel forni of tension deviceadziptudA for nee connection with the governor mecha-'n rn. sho indetail in Fig. Fig. v iiins trating` the speed controlling mechanism '.nconnection with an intcrnai coinbi a circuit, C, and an electro-magnet,E, theA detailed construction of which Wiil now be set forth.

The governor, A, and 'the 'circuit breaker, B, are housed or inelosedWithin an amaropriate casing, a, the iatter being preferably Watertight. Said governor is preferably of the spring and haii type,comprising the springs, b, having the Weights, each spring; beingfastened at one end'to a collar, b2, Whieh'is fast on shaft, 53,'theother ends' of said springs beine" attached. to a slidable collar, 7%.The shaft, provided with a pulley, c, adapted to be driver by' a belt,c, from a pulley, c2,-

part, such as the shaft, e, of the engine, E, the speed of ivhici'; isto be controlled.

rilhe circuit breaker is shown in Fig. 3,

'embodied in an anguiar switch ievef which is fulcrumed at Z iwithin thecasing', c. @ne end of this switch lever 1s slotted or forked. at

, trolled by a valve, 7u, Which is attached to thed' tor engagement v` othe flange, b5 of the head, 724, constituting ie movable member of thecentrilfu governor, Il... The long arm ol the switch lever is provi dedWitha set screw, f, the end portion of .vhich is insulated at f', and isprovided with a Contact, g, the latter being insulated from the switchlever. laid contact, g, is adapted to engage iith a fixed contact, whichis insulated from the casing, a, and is connected electrically with abinding post, fl. The movable contact, y, of the switch lever isconnected. by a wire or conductor, g2, with another insi'ilated bindingpost, 7L', and to the binding posts, i., t', are attached the wiresforming the electric circuit, C, the latter being p1 vided with abattery, C', or other source of electric energy.

The electro magnet, D., shown more clearly in Fig. 2, consists ol. aymass ot soft iron, l', a coil, D2, and a plunger, l, and these parts aresubstantially inclosed within a casing, l, composed, preferably, ofbrass or other non-magnetic material.. The metallic mass, l), ischan'ibered for the reception of the coil, D2, one end of: said metallicmass being provided with an integral head, 2'., having` an axialextension, i', that projects into one end portion of the coil, D. Theplunger, DU, is provided at one end with an integral head, y', saidplunger and the head thereoitI being composed sott iron. The plunger, D,operates withinltlie coil in the usual manner, and said plunger with itshead, y', are adapted to be attracted by the lines of torce establishedin the mass of soft iron, D', and its extension, by a current which isadmitted to the coil, D2.

The casing, l, of the electro-magnet is fastened tightly to the`magnetic mass, D', and said casing is provided at its other end with ahead, j", the latter having an apertured boss, jg. The casing, l, formsa dash pot chamber, l', at one end portion or' the electro-magnet, D,and in said chamber, l', operates the head, if?, or' the plunger, D3. Tothe head, y', `is rigidly secured a piston, J, composed of brass orother non-magnetic material, and this piston is movable in the chamber,l', with the plunger, D3. The plunger is adapted to be drawn in onedirection by the magnetism established by the coil in the metallic mass,D', but the movement olf the plunger, D, and the piston, J, in anopposite direction is brought about by mechanical means, such as thesprings, il',

which are housed in the holloiv pluiiger, il',

said springs being anchored by fastening them to the head, j', of thecasing, l, and the other ends of said springs being attached to thehollou7 piston, J. The ingress and of air to and from the dash pot, l',is concasing, l, and communicates with the dash et the piston, il, insaid. chamber. i As shown in lig. the extension, z", of the metallic lmass, D', is provided with a passage, 7c', the flow 'of air throughwhich is regulated by a valve, 24:2. The valves, fc, 7a2, may be of anysuitable type, but as shown, said valves are adapted to beadiustcd byhand, in order to control the flow of air into or from the chamber, l'when the plunger, D3, and the piston head, J, are moved Within saidchamber.

lhe (,lectro-magnet is provided With suitable binding posts, c, c", towhich are attached the conductors of the circuit, C, thus including theelectromagnet in circuit with the battery, C'.

ll'hen an electric current is admitted to a coil of a solenoid, theplunger' of said solenoid is usually moved suddenly and quickly by theattraction of the magnetic mass, but the electro-magnet shown in Fig. 2of the drawings, embodies a pneumatic check or dash pot whichellectually precludes any sudden travel of theplunger. The movement ofthe plunger, D3, into the coil of the solenoid is opposed in a measureby the pneumatic cushion which is producedI by compressing airv in thechamber, l', due to the movement of the head, j, toward the core, theair thus compressed flowing into the coil, D2, andA through the passage,lc', and the. valve, k2, associated with the extension, The compressionof air Within the chamber, l', forces the air slowly out of the valve,7;'2. at one end of the electro-magnet, but at this ,time air isadmitted -by the valve,

bachr ot the piston, J. When the plunger is released by breaking thecircuit, C, the spriii`Y in an opposite direction, and at this time theair is compressed between the head, j, and the piston, J, so as to checkthe movement of the plunger in the opposite direction. In the practicaloperation or" the regulator system it will be found that the plunger,D3, and the piston, J, will move intermittently and the dash pot isnormally in use for checking the sudden movement of the plunger.

The movement ot the 'plunger operates thc inlet valve of the engine, E,which is to be controlled, but, in Fig. 1, I have illustrated means foroperating both the fuel` s. J',Apullrthe piston and the plunger arm, L,and these links in turn are pivoted to shifting rods, M, M", the formerbeing connected to a series of arms, n, which are associated with thefuel valves, n, of the engine, 'while the other shitting rod, M', isconnected to the arms, 0, which operate the air valve, o, of saidengine. it will be understood that the cross arm, L, may be connected toonly one valve, or to one series of valves, 'but in Fig. l, this crossarm is represented asoperating two series of valves, the valves of oneseries controlling` the inlet of fuel to the engine, and the valves ot'the other series regulating the admission of air to the engine.

lhen the engine is rotating at normal speed, the centrifugal governoris, also, rotated by the gear connections with the engine shaft, e, butthe sliding` member of the governor turns idly in the 'ork, cl, of theswitch lever, B, the latter assuming practi cally the position shown inFig. 3,' wherein the contact, g, does not engage with the contact g',thus breaking the circuit, C, and permitting the electro-magnet, D, toremain at rest. Should the engine shaft rotate'at aV speed above .thenormal, the spring members of the governor are thrown outwardly and thehead, b4, is moved endwise, thereby operating` the switch lever, l), soas to close the electric circuit, (l, by bringing the contact, g, intoengagement with the contact, g. Current'is thus admitted to the coil oft-he electro-magnet, and the core is thereby energized for the purposeof drawing the plunt(rer, D3, and the piston, fl, in one direction,whereby the cross arm, L', is moved for the purpose of operating the airand 'fuel valves of the engine, E. It. should be noted that thepneumatic check or dash pot retards the movement of the plunger andsecures a steady uniform operation of said plunger in either direction,thus openingor closing` the engine valve or valves in like manner.

In Figs. 5, 6, and T of the drawings, l have shown a mechanical tensiondevice which is associated with the switch lever, B, and the centrifugalgovernor, A, whereby the move ment of the switch lever under the actionof the egovernor is opposed so as to prevent the circuitfrom being`closed too quickly by the motion ot the engine shaft. The tension deviceincludes a cross rod. l), on the long' arm of the switch lever, B, andto the end portions of this cross rod are fastened springs, Q. the otherends of which are pro-` vided with cords, q, or like tlexible'connecftions. These cords are fastened to an arbor. Q', which is mounted int-hecasing, a', for rotation therein, whereby the arbor is adapted to coilor wind the cords, 1]. on itselt1 when said arbor is turned in onelirection.- 'lhe arbor is provided at one end with a.A

suitable operating wheel, g', and the arbor is provided, also, with ariindex, g2, adapted to traverse the dial, Q3, provided on the outv sideot' the casing for indicating the tension exerted by the springs on theswitch lever, B.

lt will be' understood that the arbor may be rotated'in one directionfor ceiling the cords, y, thereon and distending,- the springs, Q, Q',thus placing increased tension on the switch lever, B', and pressing,-its forked end into tight frictional engagement with the centrifugalgovernor, whereby the tension device affords resistance to the spreadingof the governor balls `and prevents the governor from responding quicklyto a slight increase above the normal in the speed of the engine shaft.The arbor of the tension device may be turned in an opposite directionto uncoil the cords partly therefrom and thus slacken the tension of thesprings. ln Fig. 6, l have shown the speed corntrolling` mechanism inlconnection with au internal combustion engine, E', of that type whichemploys a carbureter, c, adapted to mechanicallymix air with a liquidfuel.

such as gasolene. ln said ligure, a single cylinder engine of the twocycle type" is equipped with a single carburetor adapte-d to b econtrolled by the regulator mechanism,

` but it will be understood that the number of cylinders and carburetersmay be increased as desired. y i l Having' thus fully described theinvention, what l claim as new, and desire to Isecure by Letters Patentis: i

l. In an apparatus ot' the class described, an inclosed electroanagnethaving a plunger, a dash pot piston movable with said plunger andoperatingin a chamber formed by said inclosed magnet, means forregulating' the tlow of air to and from said cham` bei'. a controllingdevice operated by said. plunger, a circuit for energizing` the magnet,and autoniatic switch mechanism for makin and. breaking' the circuit..

ln an automatic speed controller, an internal eoml'nistion engine, anengine-shaft, separate valve mechanisms for controlling the supply oiair and 'fue-l, respectively, o the cylinders of said internalcombustion ein gine, an electro-magnet having a movable element,separat-e conne -tions from saidmovable element, with the respectivevalve mechanisms, a centrifugal governor operatively connected with saidengine-shai`t, an electric circuit including said electro-map;- net. anda circuit breaking lever included in said electric, circuit andmechanically connected to said centrifugal 2governor.

23. ln an automatic speed controller, 'an internal combustion engine, anengine sl "tt a vvalve mechanism tor controlling` th mission of fuel tosaid engine, another valve mechanism for regulating the inlet of air toSaid engine, an electro-magnet having a l und adjusting wennseoimoeitocl to the 1G movable element, separate Connections interspring`lor vuryinff the tension thereof. mediae 'said movable element and there- In testimony whereof l have Sigi .il my sneotive valve mechanisms,:L mechanical nume to this specilosion in the piebence of governoroperated by the engine shaft, an two subscribing vviine tes.

electric circuit including- Said eleetro-maglll'l'Y HERTZBERG; net, acircuit breaking lever interposed in ll'lil'newes:

Said Circuit und connected directly to Said l1. l, Bnnx'rmizo,

governor7 a spring attached to said lever, JAS. lf. Qiurruv'.

